A Review of Supply Chain Disruptions and Their Effect on Retail Product Pricing: A Study of Supermarkets in Yobe State
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Background of the Study
Supply chain management plays a pivotal role in ensuring the availability and affordability of products in retail markets. The global and local retail industries have experienced significant challenges due to supply chain disruptions, often resulting in increased product prices, delayed deliveries, and stockouts. In recent years, external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and economic instability have exposed the vulnerabilities of supply chains worldwide. According to Adebayo et al. (2023), disruptions in the supply chain have cascading effects on inventory levels, cost structures, and ultimately, retail pricing.
In Yobe State, Nigeria, supermarkets rely heavily on national and international supply chains for their inventory. However, factors such as poor infrastructure, insecurity, and inflation have compounded the fragility of these supply chains, leading to frequent product shortages and price volatility. Ahmed and Gana (2024) highlight that insecurity in the northeastern region of Nigeria, including Yobe State, has severely disrupted transportation routes, contributing to increased logistics costs. These disruptions ultimately translate into higher retail prices for consumers, who are already burdened by low purchasing power.
The study of supply chain disruptions and their effect on retail pricing is essential to understanding the dynamic interplay between operational challenges and consumer pricing. Effective supply chain management strategies and mitigation measures are critical for supermarkets to sustain profitability while ensuring affordability for customers. This research seeks to explore how these disruptions influence product pricing in Yobe State's supermarkets, thereby contributing to the growing body of literature on supply chain resilience and pricing dynamics.
Statement of the Problem
The consistent rise in retail product prices in Yobe State has raised concerns among consumers and policymakers. Supermarkets have reported significant challenges in maintaining stable inventory levels due to frequent supply chain disruptions. Despite efforts to optimize operations, factors such as heightened transportation costs, delays in product delivery, and inflation continue to affect pricing strategies (Ogundele & Musa, 2023). The impact of these disruptions is particularly pronounced in regions like Yobe State, where insecurity and poor infrastructure exacerbate supply chain vulnerabilities.
Although previous studies have examined supply chain disruptions in Nigeria, limited research has focused on their direct impact on retail pricing, particularly in Yobe State. This gap in knowledge necessitates a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between supply chain disruptions and retail product pricing. Without a clear understanding of these dynamics, supermarkets may struggle to implement effective strategies to mitigate disruptions and stabilize prices. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the key factors contributing to supply chain disruptions and their subsequent effects on retail product pricing in Yobe State.
Objectives of the Study
- To identify the key factors contributing to supply chain disruptions in supermarkets in Yobe State.
- To examine the effect of supply chain disruptions on retail product pricing in Yobe State supermarkets.
- To recommend strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions to stabilize retail pricing.
Research Questions
- What are the key factors contributing to supply chain disruptions in supermarkets in Yobe State?
- How do supply chain disruptions affect retail product pricing in Yobe State supermarkets?
- What strategies can be implemented to mitigate supply chain disruptions and stabilize retail pricing?
Research Hypotheses
- There is no significant relationship between transportation disruptions and retail product pricing in Yobe State supermarkets.
- Supply chain disruptions do not significantly influence the availability of retail products in Yobe State supermarkets.
- Mitigation strategies do not significantly impact the stabilization of retail product pricing in Yobe State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on supply chain disruptions and their effects on retail product pricing in supermarkets located in Yobe State. The scope is limited to identifying the factors contributing to supply chain disruptions, analyzing their impact on pricing, and proposing mitigation strategies. Limitations may include the availability of accurate data from supermarket management and potential challenges in accessing certain locations due to insecurity.
Definitions of Terms
- Supply Chain Disruption: Any unexpected event that interrupts the normal flow of goods and services within a supply chain.
- Retail Pricing: The final price at which products are sold to consumers in retail outlets.
- Supermarkets: Large retail establishments that offer a wide variety of goods, including groceries and household products.
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